Liquid-fuel burner



E. B. KRAMER.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. $5, 1918.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921 2 SHEETSSHEET I.

I nven tor: EricB.Kramer his Aitorn a E. B. KRAMER.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 15, ms.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

lnveniar Eric B.Kramer y W hisAitarne g.

PATENT OFFICE.

ERIC 1B. KRAMER, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK,

Specification of Letters Patent.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

Application filed October 15, 1918. Serial No. 258,138.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ERIC B. KRAMnn, a citizen of the United States, anda res dent of New York, borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings andState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inLiquid-Fuel Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates toliquid fuel burners and has for its object toprovide a device of the class specified, simple in construction andefficient in operation. Other objects will appear later herein.

In the drawings accompanylng this speclfication is illustrated oneembodiment of my improvements and which embodlment maybe the preferredone. There1n-:

Figure 1 is a front sectional elevatlon taken on line 11 and 1 1 of F1g.2. F ig'. 2 is a plan view corresponding with Fig. 1 with one of theparts broken away. Fig. 3 is a fragmentaryplan view of a portion of thepan shown in Figs. 1 and Fig. at is a fragmentary elevatlon partly insection, of the arcuate generator of the apparatus. y

In my improved device burner head 2 1s of well-known, cylindrical formand in WlllCl'l the cylindrical wall 3 isperforated for the exit of thegasified fuel. The upper and lower walls of said head are, however, ofsuch formation as to provide a partlcularly eflicient channel for thegas from mixing chamber 4 to the area of burning oncyhnT drical wall 3.Upperwall-5'is of inverted frusto-conical form, the frustum face 6thereof, terminating directly above or fice 8 of mixing chamber 4, andextend ng 1n all directions horizontally beyond sald orifice 8. Lowerwall Tmay be substantially flat. By this arrangement, an annular funnelshaped chamber is formed in said head,

whereby the uprising gas is distributed uniformly outwardly toperforated wall 3 for burning. Said gas is delivered from the upper endof mixing chamber 1 1n a more or less compressed state and partiallymixed with air. The funnel shaped chamber of burner head 2 permits theexpansion of said gas and facilitates its mixing with the air, so that asuitable burning mixture is delivered through wall 3.

Upper wall 5. is provided with a grooved flange 9 and lower wall 7 w1t ha slmilar flange 10, for receiving and retaining perforated wall 3. Itwill be noticed that the grooves in said flanges are of larger outsidediameter than the outside diameter of wall 3, so as to allow forexpansion of said wall 3 by the heat of the flame when the burner is inoperation. Also, the outside diameter of said grooves is just suflicientto provide for the expansion of wall 3, whereby in its expandedcondition, said wall will fill said grooves diametrally and preventleakage of gas over and under the edges, respectively, of said wall.

F or. a portion of its circumference lower wall 7 is extended radiallyfor forming a pan 11 in which is laid wicking 12 for absorbing liquidfuel, poured into said pan for the preliminary heating of arcuategenerator l3. Said generator lies near wall 3 and conforms to itscurvature, so that said generator lies throughout its length in thefield of heat from the flame of the burner. Said generator is preferablydetachably mounted on pan 11 by means of legs, as 14, downreaching fromthe ends of the generator and engaging seats, as 15, located at theends, respectively, of pan 11.

Said generator is filled with finely divided or shredded heat-conductingmaterial, such as steel chips 16, and comprises a plurality of zones ofinfluence lengthwisethereof. These zones may depend upon themultiplicity of cells formed between the closely packed'filling 16, forsegregating one zone from another, or said generator may be providedwith transverseperforated walls, as 17, for dividing one zone fromanother. In any case, in the first zone, 18, extending from fuel inletpipe 22 to about transverse line 17 or to wall 17 Fig. 4, the liquidfuel receives its primary heating and as that heated fuel passes intothe second zone, 19, between lines 17 a and 17 it is raised intemperature to point of boiling; in the third zone, 20, between lines 17and 17, the fuel is gasified; and in the fourth zone, 21, between line17 and the discharge end of the generator, the gas is superheated fordelivery to the burner. In View of the fact that the fuel, whiledelivered slowly from pipe 22 is delivered under pressure, and in Viewof the further fact that the fuel is passing through highly tortuouspassages between the closely packed fillin and in view of the stillfurther fact that the fuel is constantly increasing in volume underheating, and particularly in passing from a liquid to a gaseouscondition, the movement of fuel in the generator is constantlyforwardtoward the discharge end, so that it is entirely feasible to maintainthe described I zones, even without the use of definite walls, such as17. V.

For conveniencein supplying fuel to pan 11, valved by-pass 23 fromsupply plpe- 22, is provided. The discharge end of the gen erator isconnected by pi-pe 24' with trap 25, which will presently be described.

-V Burner head 2 .maybe supported by frusto-conical flue 4 having base26 with a large opening 27 therein. Said flue tapers upwardly andterminates in the constricted discharge opening 8, directly under face 6of burner upper wall 5. Said fluepreferably rests on supports as 28 inthe fire chamber of a furnace, not shown, and its lower portionmayvbebanked about with sand 29. Also a damper or baffle plate. 30"maybe provided in said flue.

Those portions of my improvements indicated in a eneral way by 25 willnow be described. aid portions constitute an auxiliary generatorincluding'a trap and heater for the liquid fuel. Within the chamber 25is a hollowfloat 31 which is connected by lever 32 with valve 33 forcontrolling the passage to nozzle 34. Also, if desired, said float maybe connected by lever 35 with valve 36forcontrolling the passage towaste pipe 37. Nozzle 34 is located in flue 4 and is connected with thebody of valve 33 by pipe 38 and which pipe passes through a suitableopening in the wall ofsaid flue. Below said trap 25 is a heatercomprising pan 39 and wicking 40'f0r heating the fuel in auxiliarygenerator '25 to assist in starting the ap-. paratus.

The operation of my improved device is as follows Oil or other liquidfuel is supplied through pipe 22 to generator 13 and flows there- Ithrough into pipe 24 and thence into trap 25.

As the oil rises in the chamber of trap 25, it will raise float 31,thereby closing valve 33 to'prevent the oil from flooding nozzle 34 andat the same time will raise valve 36 to permit excess oil to pass outthrough waste pipe 37 The oil supply through pipe 22 may then be cut offtemporarily and float 31.

will presently come to rest and close valve 36 and open valve 33. Aportion of oil will remain in chamber 25 and which oil may be heated andgasified by pouring oil into receptacle 39 and setting it alight. Also,generator13 may be put in operation, previous to shutting off the supplyin pipe 22, by drawing oil from valved'by-pass 23 into pan 11 andigniting it there. This will-heat the fuel in said transformer uniformlyfrom end to end; but as soon as the fuel begins to be gasified, the zonearrangement already described will become effective and the fuel, as

it flows forwardly in said generator and as heated state, and in thatcondition be delivered through pipe 24, chamber 25 and pipe 38 to nozzle34. The outrushing gas through nozzle 34 will pass upwardly into themixing chamber in head 2, and thence outwardly through the perforationsin wall 3, whereitmay be ignited. The heat thus generated impinges upongenerator 13and the operation of the device will then proceedautomatically as long as fuel is supplied through pipe 22. K l I claim:V 1. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of a cylindrical burnerhead in which the cylindrical wall is perforated for the exit of thegasified fuel, an'inverted frusto-conical upper wall transverse saidhead, and a flat lower wall transverse said head, whereby an terminatingat its upper and smaller end in a supportfor said burner head, and a gasnozzle in said flue. 3. In a liquid fuelburner the combination of acylindrical burner head in which the cylindrical wall is perforated forthe :exit of the gasified fuel, an inverted frusto-conical upper walltransverse said head, a lower wall transverse said head, a fuel panoutstanding from the periphery of said lower wall for a portion of itscircumference, and an arcuate generator detachably supported on saidpan. 4. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of a cylindrical burnerhead in which the cylindrical wall is perforated for the exit of thegasified fuel, an inverted frusto-coni'cal upper wall transverse saidhead, a flat lower wall transverse said head, whereby; an annu V larfunnel shaped chamber is formed in said head, a fuel pan outstandingfrom the pe riphery of said lower wall for afportion of 7 itscircumference, and an 4 arcuate generator detachably supported on saidpan. 5. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of a burner head, agenerator, a gas nozzle,

an oil trap interposed between said generator orator, the combination ofan auxiliary'g'en- 13o erator having a chamber, a float in said chamber,means for delivering oil to said chamber, a gas passage from saidchamber to the burner nozzle, a Waste oil passage from said chamber, avalve in said gas passage, and a Valve in said waste passage, saidvalves being operatively connected with said float for alternatelyclosing said valves.

7. In a liquid fuel burner the combination of a burner head, a burnernozzle, a primary generator, and an auxiliary generator, said auxiliarygenerator comprising a chamber,

an oil passage from the primary generator to said chamber, a waste oilpassage from said chamber, a gas passage from said chamber tothe burnernozzle, a valve in said gas passage, a valve in said waste oil passage,and automatic means for operating said valves.

8. In a liquid fuel burner employing a primary generator and anauxiliary generator, the combination of an auxiliary generator chamber,a gas passage and a waste oil passage therefrom, valves in each of saidpassages, automatic means for operating'said valves, a heater for theauxiliary generator, and means for supplying oil to said auxiliargenerator.

11 witness whereof, I hereby afiix my signature this 14th day ofOctober, 1918.

ERIC B. KRAMER.

